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| A direct object is the person or thing in a sentence that receives the direct action of the verb. It answers the question who? or what? The direct object is a noun (person, place, or thing). | |||||||||||||||||||
| The direct object is a noun (person, place, or thing). | |||||||||||||||||||
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To determine: verb ask: "What is the action of the sentence? subject ask: "Who or what does the action? direct object ask: "Who or what is being _(verb) ? |
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| Examples in English: | |||||||||||||||||||
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Joanna buys a new book.
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| Once you determine direct object, it can be replaced with a direct object pronoun. | |||||||||||||||||||
The direct object pronoun must agree in number and
gender with the noun it is replacing. Direct
object pronouns are listed in the same order as subject
pronouns.
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No need for neutral
pronoun in Spanish, because all nouns have a gender,
masculine or feminine. Lo means him (when it replaces a male person) or it (when replaces a masculine noun that is an object) or you (when it replaces you referring to a male). La means her (when it replaces a female person) or it (when replaces a feminine noun that is an object) or you (when it replaces you referring to a female). Los means them (when it replaces a group of males) or them (when replaces masculine, plural noun(s) that are objects) or you (when it replaces you referring to group of males or a mixed group of males and females). Las means them (when it replaces a group of females) or them (when replaces a feminine, plural noun(s) that are objects) or you (when it replaces you referring to a group of females). |
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The direct object noun
can be replaced with the direct object pronouns to avoid
repeating the noun already mentioned. ¿Comes los huevos en el desayuno? Do you eat eggs for breakfast? Sí, los como en el desayuno. Yes, I eat them for breakfast. |
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In English the direct object and the direct object
pronoun always follow the verb: Mariela reads a book. Mariela reads it. |
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In Spanish the direct object follows the verb.
However, when you replace the direct object with a direct object
pronoun the direct object pronoun must be moved in front
of the verb: Mariela lee un libro. Mariela reads a book. Mariela lo lee. Mariela reads it. |
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The direct object pronouns are placed directly before the
conjugated verb. Ellos limpian la casa. La limpian. They clean the house. They clean it. Gorge es mi amigo. Lo veo todos los días. Gorge is my friend. I see him everyday. |
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When a sentence is negative the no
comes before the direct object pronoun but after the
subject. ¿Comes los huevos en el desayuno? Do you eat eggs? No, yo no los como. No, I don't eat them. |
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If there is an infinitive in the sentence, the
direct object pronouns can go before the conjugated verb or
can be attached to the end of the infinitive. Debo hacer la tarea. Voy a hacerla esta noche. or La voy a hacer esta noche. I should do my homework. I am gong to do it tonight. Tengo que llamar a Enrique. Pienso llamarlo hoy. or Lo pienso llamar hoy. I have to call Enrique. I intend to call him today. |
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If there is an present participle in the sentence, the
direct object pronouns can go before the conjugated verb or
can be attached to the end of the present participle. Estoy haciendo la tarea. Estoy haciéndola con mi amigo. or La estoy haciendo con mi amigo. I am doing my homework. I am doing it with my friend. Estoy llamando a Enrique. Estoy llamándolo por su teléfono cellular. or Lo estoy llamando por teléfono cellular. I am calling Enrique. I am calling him on his cell phone . |
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